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Foreign Secretary and Special Envoy to the UN High Commissioner on Refugees
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Special Envoy to the UN High
Commissioner on Refugees, Ms Angelina Jolie at the a Wilton Park
Conference on 'Preventing sexual violence in conflict and
post-conflict situations', 14 November 2012.
Ms Angelina Jolie, Special Envoy to the UN High Commissioner on
Refugees, at the a Wilton Park Conference on 'Preventing sexual
violence in conflict and post-conflict situations', 14 November 2012.
Photos from
FCO Flickr photostream
@WilliamJHague
9:13 AM - 14 Nov 12
@alieholder
From the
FCO, UK
14 November 2012
Foreign Secretary William Hague's keynote address at the "Preventing
sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict situations" meeting at
Wilton Park.
Each generation faces its own challenges, and each can shape our world for the better.
Our generation has the opportunity, and the responsibility, to confront the use of rape and sexual violence as a weapon of war.
In our lifetimes millions of women, children and men have endured
this horror, including in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo,
Colombia, Uganda, Liberia and in Bosnia, where only twenty years ago, on
European soil, rape camps were set up and tens of thousands of women
subjected to sexual slavery and enforced pregnancy.
I believe that preventing and addressing sexual violence is vital to
resolving conflicts and building sustainable peace. I see it as a vast
international issue that national foreign policies have not yet
adequately addressed. And I am convinced that we can actually do
something more about it. That is why I am championing it as Foreign
Secretary.
While my Party was still in Opposition I met survivors of rape in
refugee camps in Darfur and in Srebrenica. Last month I returned to
Bosnia and spent time with female and male survivors in Sarajevo, and I
recently shared a platform with people working with survivors of rape
and torture in the DRC.
These experiences brought home to me the sheer extent and intensity
of the problem, the overwhelming lack of justice for survivors of
wartime rape and sexual violence despite a huge amount of excellent work
by grassroots organisations and NGOs, and the direct link that this has
with peace and security today. Where there is no justice or dignity for
survivors development is held back, and the seeds of future conflict
are sown.
I approach this subject with a good deal of humility, as a man, and
as someone who has not experienced conflict first hand or worked with
survivors. But I have been appalled by the toll sexual violence in
conflict has on children. To take just one example, of the thousands of
reported rapes in the DRC in one recent period, up to 50% of all
survivors were under the age of 17, and 10% were under the age of 10.
I have been struck by the terrible life sentence of trauma, stigma
and illness that follows in the wake of rape in war, and its impact on
families and communities. This was illustrated to me by the fact that
67% of survivors in Rwanda were subsequently found to be HIV positive.
And I have been deeply affected by the knowledge that many victims
never get the recognition or support they are entitled to, eking out a
precarious existence in conflict zones with their abusers often still at
large in their communities.
There has been a tendency in the past to regard sexual violence as an
inevitable by-product of conflict, something that happens in the ‘fog
of war’ when law and order breaks down.
On top of this, we have
treated sexual violence either as an issue of marginal importance in
peace agreements which often tend to exclude women, or to see it as a
global problem that is too immense for us to do anything about it.
This has to change. We now know that rape and sexual violence is used
as a deliberate weapon of war in the same way that guns and tanks are,
to terrorise civilian populations, to humiliate, scar and destroy whole
ethnic groups or religious or political opponents, cheaply, silently and
devastatingly.
To simply accept that this is part of the cycle of war is to consign
hundreds of thousands of innocent people to an appalling fate in the
future.
And I am convinced from my own experiences as Foreign Secretary over
the last two and a half years that our failure to confront this issue
does play a part in emboldening those who are orchestrating atrocities
today, including in Syria. Our efforts to prevent rape in war have to be
as determined as our efforts to prevent conflict in the first place.
These are just some of the reasons why this issue matters to me and
has a direct bearing on foreign policy. But there are also two factors
which explain why I think the conditions are right for a major new
international initiative, and why I am personally optimistic about our
chances.
The first is that we have developed an impressive array of mechanisms
at the UN and national level over the last decade, including UN
Security Council Resolutions 1325, 1820, 1888 and 1960, the office of
the UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict, the
various UN teams of experts, new mechanisms to train peacekeepers, and
National Action Plans on Women Peace and Security, which include
protections for violence against women and girls. Our understanding of
these issues has been transformed over the last decade and we have a far
wider range of capabilities to bring to bear against this problem. In
the United Kingdom we are determined to champion women’s rights in all
the UN bodies, and to be vigilant and outspoken against any attempt to
undermine the gains that have now been secured.
And second, I believe that a critical mass of public opinion has now
begun to build up in many countries against the use of sexual violence
in conflict. My experience as a politician leads me to believe that this
is the moment to mobilise global public opinion and to rally the
efforts of nations, in the same way that we have mustered the will to
ban the use of landmines and cluster munitions, and are on the verge of
securing an international Arms Trade Treaty. Shattering the culture of
impunity for those who use rape as a weapon of war is the next great
global challenge of our generation. It is a cause whose time has come.
This is overwhelmingly due to years of work by the UN and its
agencies, by NGOs, the International Criminal Court and other
international tribunals and brave survivors who have felt able to share
their stories with a shocked world. I am also conscious that many other
countries have shown leadership in this area, including many that have
emerged from conflict themselves.
We have also benefited greatly from
the insights of filmmakers, who have shone a light on painful events
and helped us to understand our responsibilities.
One such Director is Jasmila Zbanić, who allowed us to screen her film ‘Emma’s Story’ during this conference.
And another is Angelina Jolie.
Many of you will be familiar with her work as Special Envoy of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees.
But it was my encounter earlier this year with her film In the Land
of Blood and Honey that actually galvanised me into starting this new
British initiative, and led to her joining me at our event in the
Foreign Office in May when I announced it.
I am very grateful to Angelina Jolie for her support for our efforts
to combat the terrible suffering she depicted so powerfully in her film,
and for joining us again today.
She assures me she is here to meet you and to listen to our
discussion, but I also think she may also be checking up on whether we
have lived up to our promises.
I believe we are making some strong and encouraging progress with
your help. And our ambition and resolve is even greater than when we
first began this initiative, because of the overwhelmingly positive
reception it has received around the world.
We are focussing our efforts on accountability and justice, and on
increasing the number of prosecutions for these crimes. This is the area
where there is the most glaring lack of political will, where I believe
governments like our own can make the most difference, and where we
must act if we are to erode the culture of impunity.
In May I announced that Britain would set up a specialist team of
experts that can be deployed to conflict areas to support UN missions
and local civil society to investigate allegations of sexual violence,
to gather evidence and to help build up the capabilities of other
nations.
Today, six months later we have recruited 70 people for this team
already, which includes police, lawyers, psychologists, doctors,
forensic experts, gender-based violence experts and experts in the care
and protection of survivors and witnesses. I will shortly be able to
announce its first deployment which will begin before the end of this
year.
Each deployment will be tailored to meet local needs and
circumstances. The deployments will be based on in-depth assessments of
national and international responses in that country to date and how the
British team could reinforce or complement existing efforts, as well as
consultations with the authorities in each country.
I also pledged six months ago that we would use our Presidency of the
G8 in 2013 to secure new commitments from some of the world’s most
powerful nations. Be in no doubt, we really mean business about this. By
the time our Presidency actually starts in January, we will already
have spent seven months building support for our objectives before we
begin negotiations in earnest. My colleagues around the world know
already that it will be one of my top priorities for the meeting of G8
Foreign Ministers in April.
We have proposed new G8 partnerships with conflict-affected
countries, and a new International Protocol on the investigation and
documentation of sexual violence in conflict. I welcome the fact that Mr
Brammertz flagged up this issue yesterday, when he said that we need a
standardised set of guidelines for effective prosecutions. This would be
a practical response to the need to improve the evidence base for
prosecutions for sexual violence in conflict at the national and
international level, and it would draw on existing advice and
guidelines. We want any new Protocol to be of genuine value to national
authorities in their efforts to seek prosecutions. If adopted, it could
be used in training and capacity building programmes, ensuring an
enduring legacy which we would hope to expand beyond the G8 over time.
In all these areas our Government is not looking to reinvent the
wheel – but we are saying that we are prepared to put Britain’s shoulder
to it as never before.
We do not want to duplicate or cut across the work that has been done
by experts – but we do want to set an example to the world of what
governments can do.
We are one of the few countries in the world that can lead such an
effort. We have a network of 260 diplomatic posts around the globe, one
of the most extensive of any nation. We have one of the largest
programmes of international development aid in the world. We are members
of the United Nations Security Council, NATO, the EU and the
Commonwealth as well as our G8 role, all of which gives us the ability –
as well as the responsibility - to take this cause to many of the most
influential multilateral bodies in the world.
And we have set up an excellent new team of Foreign Office officials
led by Emma Hopkins to oversee all our efforts. She and her colleagues
have already visited Japan, France, Germany, the US, Canada, China,
South Korea and international human rights organisations in Geneva, The
Hague and the European Union, to discuss our proposals and mobilise
support for our G8 campaign. I think their work will become a model for
how other Foreign Ministries can increase their capabilities in this
area, particularly in the way it draws on wide expertise from DfID and
the Home Office as well as the Foreign and Commonwealth Office itself.
As a sign of our determination to reinforce and not duplicate
existing efforts, we are working closely with the UN Team of Exports on
Rule of Law and Sexual Violence that supports the office of the UN
Secretary-General’s Special Representative on Sexual Violence in
Conflict, Mrs Zainab Bangura.
In July I announced that we have donated £1 million over two years to
the ICC’s groundbreaking mechanism to help victims rebuild their lives,
the Trust Fund for Victims. The projects the Fund supports in Uganda,
DRC and elsewhere are based on the understanding that it is impossible
fully to undo the damage caused by war crimes, including sexual
violence. However it is possible to help empower survivors to rebuild
their families and regain their place as contributing members of their
society.
In New York in September I announced an increase in British support
for the UN Special Representative’s work, with £1 million of funding
over the next three years. I welcome the greater emphasis that she is
placing on national ownership, leadership and responsibility. And I
think we must also promote a more ‘strategic’ use of international
effort to support UN work to combat impunity.
And I am announcing today that we will contribute £375,000 over a
three year period to the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and
the Department of Field Support to develop policies, guidance and
training for use by peacekeepers as first responders to incidents of
sexual violence.
We are urging other countries to match our voluntary contributions in
each of these areas. We will do all of these things and more, but of
course we look to you to give us your help, advice, constructive
criticism and support.
You are among the world’s leading experts in the field of combating
wartime rape and sexual violence, with deep knowledge and personal
experience. I am extremely grateful to you all for travelling a long way
to be here and for sharing your expertise with us, and I want to pay
particular tribute to Special Representative Bangura and her predecessor
Margot Wallstrom.
We need your help to ensure that we have set the
right level of ambition for the G8, to ensure that we are aiming high
enough and that our proposals are drawn up to have the maximum possible
impact.
We have already drawn five important conclusions from your discussions over the last two days.
First, justice has got to be viewed in its fullest sense. It means
many things to survivors, ranging from access to justice and effective
remedy at the local and national level, reparation, medical care and
support to rebuild lives, and it can also involve restorative justice
and truth commissions as well as prosecutions.
Second, we must conceptualise sexual violence in its broadest sense,
in terms of women’s rights, education and participation. It is part of a
much broader effort to address violence against women and girls and to
empower women across society.
Third, we need better coordination of current efforts, across the
silos that can set in between our humanitarian, security and
developmental efforts.
Fourth, we have to build up national ownership by matching
international efforts much more closely to national requirements and
building up national capacity. In my mind this must include how we work
to bridge the gap between international efforts and the grass roots
organisations which work on the ground, understand the grain of the
society, and have the trust of local people.
And finally, we need to shift the balance of shame away from
survivors to the perpetrators of this crime. We need to break down the
stigma by talking about it, which is something I am attempting to do as
Foreign Secretary in my conversations around the world. And we have to
recognise that unless we shift attitudes amongst men that rape is not a
family matter, it is a violent crime, then the problem will persist.
So I am extremely grateful to you for taking part in this conference,
and I will study your detailed recommendations. It is my sincere hope
that you will continue to work with us over the coming year, giving us
guidance and honest advice when you think we can do more. And I
particularly hope you will feel able to work us with to build public
momentum around our G8 campaign in 2013 and beyond, so that each country
can feel the campaign in their own parliaments and media.
So this will be our approach: increasing our own capabilities in the
British Foreign Office, significantly increasing our support to UN
efforts, raising the profile of the need to confront sexual violence in
conflict in every way we can, and proposing new action that we hope will
be adopted by many nations in a new collective effort for our
generation.
It has been inspiring to meet many people around the world who share
our sense of hope and ambition. On the rare occasion that I am met with a
sceptical smile, I remind people of the 18th century slave trade.
Although slavery is still with us in modern variants, our predecessors
exploded the belief that slavery was in the natural order of things, and
a problem too complex to be tackled. And I also remind people that even
if our action only succeeds in making a difference at the margins of
this vast problem, it could mean that thousands of vulnerable people are
spared this appalling violation.
The survivors I have met have made a great impression on me by their
courage to speak about their experiences and to live, raise families and
hold their heads high. By standing shoulder to shoulder with civil
society, communities and international organisations I believe we can
match the courage of these survivors with a new international resolve to
confront and one day even end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of
war.
From
The Telegraph U.K.
Angelina Jolie flew into the UK today to support William Hague’s difficult
mission to tackle sexual violence and rape in wazones, reports Cathy
Newman.
@FCOHumanRights
we are increasing our own capabilities, support to & raising profile of need to confront in
survivors I have met have impressed me by their courage to speak about their experiences of in
by standing with civil society, communities & international organisations we can match their courage
with a new international resolve to confront and one day end the use of as weapon of war and
8:00 AM - 14 Nov 12
@David_Stringer
7:30 AM - 14 Nov 12
From the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, UK
Today, the Foreign Secretary will attend and deliver the keynote
speech on the final afternoon of a Wilton Park Conference on “Preventing
sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict situations”.
Following his announcement in May that Britain would set up a
specialist team of experts that could be deployed to conflict areas to
support UN missions and local civil society to investigate allegations
of sexual violence, gather evidence and help build the capabilities of
other nations, the Foreign Secretary will today announce that the
specialist team now consists of 70 people and is ready to deploy
overseas in the near future.
Those recruited for the team include police, lawyers, psychologists,
doctors, forensic experts, gender-based violence experts and experts in
the care and protection of survivors and witnesses.
The Foreign Secretary will also announce additional funding of more
than £¼ million over a three year period to the UN Department of
Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support to develop
policies, guidance and training for use by UN peacekeepers as first
responders to incidents of sexual violence.
Speaking about the conference, the Foreign Secretary said:
"I believe that a critical mass of public opinion has now begun to
build up against the use of rape as a weapon of war in many countries.
My experience as a politician leads me to believe that this is the
moment to mobilise global public opinion and to rally the efforts of
nations, in the same way that we have mustered the will to ban the use
of landmines and cluster munitions, and are on the verge of securing an
international Arms Trade Treaty. Shattering the culture of impunity for
those who use rape as a weapon of war is the next great global challenge
of our generation. It is a cause whose time has come.”
Participants at today’s conference are drawn from over 25 countries
and include ministers and senior practitioners and experts.
The conference which includes sessions on the international
normative framework; addressing impunity; early warning indicators;
strengthening justice mechanisms; and communications, was also attended
by the following:
- Mrs Zainab Bangura, UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict
- Margot Wallstrom, - the former Special Representative
- Madeleine Rees, Secretary-General of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
- Dr Mukwege from the Panzi hospital in the DRC
- Serge Brammertz, a prosecutor from the ICTY
- Angelina Jolie, Special Envoy of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Angelina Jolie, Special Envoy of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees said:
“I am delighted to be working with Foreign Secretary Hague again on
the United Kingdom’s initiative on Preventing Sexual Violence in
Conflict. In many conflicts, sexual violence is used as a tactic of war,
intended to hurt not only a single individual, but their family, their
community , their ethnic group. Today this has almost become a rule
rather than an exception, and we all must work together to combat the
impunity and ensure justice for the victims.”
@WilliamJHague