There’s no question the United States missed the opportunity to get ahead of the novel #coronavirus. But the window for making important decisions hasn’t closed. The choices we and our leaders make now will have an enormous impact. https://t.co/mAa2XWwBIB— Bill Gates (@BillGates) April 2, 2020
There’s no question the United States missed the opportunity to get ahead of the novel coronavirus.
But the window for making important decisions hasn’t closed. The
choices we and our leaders make now will have an enormous impact on how
soon case numbers start to go down, how long the economy remains shut
down and how many Americans will have to bury a loved one because of
covid-19.
Through
my work with the Gates Foundation, I’ve spoken with experts and leaders
in Washington and across the country. It’s become clear to me that we
must take three steps.
First,
we need a consistent nationwide approach to shutting down. Despite
urging from public health experts, some states and counties haven’t shut
down completely. In some states, beaches are still open; in others,
restaurants still serve sit-down meals.
This is a
recipe for disaster. Because people can travel freely across state
lines, so can the virus. The country’s leaders need to be clear:
Shutdown anywhere means shutdown everywhere. Until the case numbers
start to go down across America — which could take 10 weeks or more — no
one can continue business as usual or relax the shutdown. Any confusion
about this point will only extend the economic pain, raise the odds
that the virus will return, and cause more deaths.
Second,
the federal government needs to step up on testing. Far more tests
should be made available. We should also aggregate the results so we can
quickly identify potential volunteers for clinical trials and know with
confidence when it’s time to return to normal. There are good examples
to follow: New York state recently expanded its capacity to up to more than 20,000 tests per day.
There’s also been some progress on more efficient testing methods, such as the self-swab developed by the Seattle Coronavirus Assessment Network,
which allows patients to take a sample themselves without possibly
exposing a health worker. I hope this and other innovations in testing
are scaled up across the country soon.
Even so,
demand for tests will probably exceed the supply for some time, and
right now, there’s little rhyme or reason to who gets the few that are
available. As a result, we don’t have a good handle on how many cases
there are or where the virus is likely headed next, and it will be hard
to know if it rebounds later. And because of the backlog of samples, it
can take seven days for results to arrive when we need them within 24 hours.
This
is why the country needs clear priorities for who is tested. First on
the list should be people in essential roles such as health-care workers
and first responders, followed by highly symptomatic people who are
most at risk of becoming seriously ill and those who are likely to have
been exposed.
The same goes for masks and ventilators. Forcing 50 governors to compete for lifesaving equipment — and hospitals to pay exorbitant prices for it — only makes matters worse.
Finally,
we need a data-based approach to developing treatments and a vaccine.
Scientists are working full speed on both; in the meantime, leaders can
help by not stoking rumors or panic buying. Long before the drug
hydroxychloroquine was approved as an emergency treatment for covid-19, people started hoarding it, making it hard to find for lupus patients who need it to survive.
We
should stick with the process that works: Run rapid trials involving
various candidates and inform the public when the results are in. Once
we have a safe and effective treatment, we’ll need to ensure that the
first doses go to the people who need them most.
To bring the disease to an end, we’ll need a safe and effective vaccine. If we do everything right, we could have one in less than 18 months — about the fastest a vaccine has ever been developed.
But creating a vaccine is only half the battle. To protect Americans
and people around the world, we’ll need to manufacture billions of
doses. (Without a vaccine, developing countries are at even greater risk
than wealthy ones, because it’s even harder for them to do physical
distancing and shutdowns.)
We can start now by building the facilities where these vaccines will be
made. Because many of the top candidates are made using unique
equipment, we’ll have to build facilities for each of them, knowing that
some won’t get used. Private companies can’t take that kind of risk,
but the federal government can. It’s a great sign that the
administration made deals this week with at least two companies to
prepare for vaccine manufacturing. I hope more deals will follow.
In 2015, I urged world leaders in a TED talk
to prepare for a pandemic the same way they prepare for war — by
running simulations to find the cracks in the system. As we’ve seen this
year, we have a long way to go. But I still believe that if we make the
right decisions now, informed by science, data and the experience of
medical professionals, we can save lives and get the country back to
work.
